Animal food



Patented Nov. 29, 1938 r 7 2,138,177

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ANIMAL FOOD Earl Kruger and Walter M. Kendall, Portland,

reg., assignors to Kendall Dog Food Company, Portland, Oreg.

N0 Drawing. Application May 31, 1935,

Serial No. 24,400

1 Claim. (01. 99-4) The object of our invention is to provide a Another factor involving some difficulty in balanced foodstuff having a preponderant meat foodstuff of this character is to prevent separacontent, which foodstuff is dry, comminuted and tion of the various particles of foodstuff, some concentrated. The meat therein, although renecessarily being larger than others. The parti- 5 duced for the purpose of dehydration, concentracles, differing-in size, separate out and thus a tion and to give it keeping properties, retains its unit quantity being removed from a larger quannutritive values and the remainder of such foodtity would not contain in proper proportion the stuff provides the necessary protein content to various percentages desirable to produce a balproduce a balanced diet. anced ration. We have been able to counteract It is generally accepted to be a fact that unthis tendency and to add nutritive value to the cooked meat provides a dog, or other carnivorous food by intermixing'and taking up a small quananimal, with vital energy which is not provided tity of cod liver oil. Said cod liver oil is thoroughby boiled or otherwise cooked meats. A dog fed ly intermixed with all said materials. upon a diet lacking in said vital nutritive values Further features of our improved animalfood evidences a nervous disposition and generally and novel features of its manufacture and comlacks that keen look of perfect health which is appounding are hereinafter described in greater parent in a dog that feeds upon some fresh meat. detail.

We have discovered that if meat is baked in a As has been pointed out, afoodstufl for a carclosed container at a temperature not exceeding, nivorous animal necessarily must contain a presubstantially the point of vaporization of water dominance of meat and. it'is essential that thez that said cooking gives the meat valuable keepmeat retain its nutritive values so that the ani ing properties Without destroying said nutritive mal eating said food will have the benefits therevalues. It is necessary, of course, if said food of. -Meat cooked in a closed vessel at a temperastuif is to be kept, that the meat be cooked beture under 250 degrees Fahrenheit, as in a steam cause it is impossible to hold fresh meat in any jacketed cylinder, is not deficient in these valu- 25 large quantities for any substantial time. able properties. The moisture is then expressed We have further determined that a baked cetherefrom "in a press until it is compressed to real product is not easily digested by a carnivor- 2 t0 of its original volume. The moisture ous animal. Cereal seemingly is a wholly foreign content after said pressing has been complete foodstufi which is digested, if at all, only with difis approximately 8% of the pressed product, and 8 30 ficulty and in small quantities. We have discovto 10% of said productis fat. The remainder is ered that biscuits which provide the necessary meat tissue and bone. Thus around 400 pou ds protein content and bulk in foods of this characof saidcompressed meat is the equivalent of one ter can be rendered more easily digestible withton of raw meat baked and with the moisture out being rendered fiinty by incorporating either removed. V 35 a very small amount of meat or a very large If 400 pounds of said compressed meat would amount of meat and then by proportioning the be mixed with a ton of other foodstuffs, to protwo meat biscuits, a proper balance of biscuit duce a foodstuff having half meat content, a dog, material and meat can be attained. for example, would not stay upon a continued 40 A further factor entering into the production diet of this foodstuff because the meat flavor 40 of a foodstuff of this character is that the most would be too evident. If a smaller amount of of the ingredients must be ground into small bits meat is used, the diet will not be predominantly so as to be absorbtive of moisture quickly and meat, which is unsatisfactory. easily. It is desirable, however, that some por- Experience has determined that the best mations of the food remain in large pieces, not relaterial to mix with meat is baked biscuits. A 45 tively absorbtive of moisture, so that the animal biscuit mix of one part meat and five parts flour may have something to chew upon to keep its approaches an ideal mix to promote digestion, but gums and teeth in perfect condition. We have such a mixture is unsatisfactory because the reaccomplished this result by proportioning the sultant biscuit is hard and flinty in character. A

parts of the biscuit material so that some porbiscuit containing about seven pounds of said de- 50 tions are from a quarter inch to a half inch in hydrated meat and fifty-four pounds of flour in size and of a consistency that they will not readthe biscuit mix produces a flufiy biscuit. Also a ily become soggy by moisture; they contain meat, biscuit mix containing approximately twenty however, and thus are more easily digested by the pounds of dehydrated meat to thirty pounds of animal. flour also produces a fluffy, easily digestible bis- 55 cuit. A biscuit containing no meat, although it has proper consistency, is digestible, if at all, only with great diificulty. We have discovered that if we proportion the biscuits so that the one with a very small meat content is mixed with one having a large meat content that a proper balanced quantity of biscuit can be provided for supplementing the dehydrated meat in the foodstuff. Said predetermined mixture of biscuit also decreases the amount of dehydrated meat that must be contained in said food stufi' and increases the palatability of the latter to permit a dog, for example, to stay on a continued diet of the mixture.

It is desirable, also to add milk and some form of wheat cereal to the mixture to produce a proper scientific balance and increase palatability of said mixture. The wheat cereal preferably is in the form of baked shreds so that the starch content of the cereal is changed to dextrin, in as large a degree as is possible. The milk preferably is added into the mixture in powdered and dehydrated form.

One specific example of our invention of a dog food prepared by the method described and incorporating our invention is as follows:

One of the biscuits containing a small amount of dehydrated beef. is prepared from fifty-four pounds of flour and seven pounds of dehydrated beef. One pound of salt and twenty-five pounds of water are added. The dough is mixed, kneaded and rolled to sections of an inch thick and are then cut into conveniently sized sections, are perforated and are baked one hour at a. temperature of approximately 350 degrees.

A biscuit containing a large amount of meat is prepared from 30 pounds of flour, 20 pounds of dehydrated beef, one pound of salt and 23 pounds of water. This biscuit mix is prepared in the same manner as the first mentioned biscuit.

The wheat cereal is preferably in the form of shredded cereal and is similar to the well-known breakfast food known as Shredded Wheat.

A dog food containing said ingredients is composed of approximately 45% of the first described biscuit and 13 to 14% of the second described biscuit. Said biscuits are cracked or broken so that of them are between one fourth of an inch and one half an inch in thickness and will pass through a inch screen and the remainder is of a size that will pass through a inch screen but be retained by a inch screen thus eliminating biscuit dust and smallparticles.

The wheat cereal which constitutes approximately 20% of the mixture is broken so that the shreds are separated from the remainder.

Approximately 15% of said mixture is dehydrated beef which, being approximately 5 or of its original bulk, is thus equivalent to four or five times its concentrated form.

To said mixture is added five percent dry flaked skimmed milk, one per cent dry yeast and approximately of 1% cod liver oil or sardine oil. An oil is preferably selected which has a high vitamin content for the usual purpose and is quite viscous so that it will serve as a binder for the materials that have been set out previously. Approximately 5% or 10% of the wheat cereal is separated from the remainder and the cod liver oil is thoroughly intermixed therewith by being poured thereover and is smeared thereon until all of said oil is carried by or absorbed by said cereal. Said oily cereal is then returned to the remainder and the whole mixture is thoroughly agitated for approximately ten minutes. The intermixture causes the oil-carrying cereal to be thoroughly dispersed throughout the whole and causes. the oil smeared upon the said cereal to be wipedv oil on the other particles so that said oil efiiciently serves its purpose as a binder for said material.

The dry food stuff can be prepared for an animal by mixing one half of a cup of warm water with a cup of said material. Said foodstuff absorbs said water and a gruel is produced, but one in which the large lumps of biscuit are still in solid form which require the animal to chew them with the advantages heretofore set out.

It is to be-noted that all of the foodstufis which require cooking or heating have been so treated without affecting any of the other products such as the milk, yeast, and cod liver oil in which heat would destroy their valuable properties.

We claim:

A foodstuff of the character described comprising approximately fifteen per cent com- 7 minuted dry-rendered baked meat reduced approximately to one-fourth of its original bulk, baked biscuit material approximately sixty per cent and the remainder including a dry cereal,

the whole intermixed with a small quantity of viscous edible oil having anti-rachitic properties, said oil being intimately interspersed throughout said foodstuff, said baked biscuit material including a plurality of forms, each form having a meat content, each of said forms being fiufiyand easily digestible, said forms being proportioned relatively to each other in said foodstuff to produce a predetermined meat ratio therein, one form containing a very small amount of meat and another a very large amount of meat.

EARL KRUGER. WALTER M. KENDALL. 

